Same Sex Marriage Do You Think This Constitutional - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1944 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Same Sex Marriage Essay Did you like this example? Imagine if you had a child that love someone who has the same gender as them and wanted you to accept their love for each other by being there, would you attend the wedding? Some may say yes, and some might say no. Same sex marriage has been a controversy topic for the longest. Same sex marriage has been legalized since June 2015, this made a lot of people happy and some mad. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Same Sex Marriage Do You Think This Constitutional" essay for you Create order This law struct down all state ban on same-sex marriage , legalized it in all fifty states and required states to honor out-of-state same-sex marriage licenses in the case Obergefell v. Hodges . Same-sex marriage is the practice of marriage between two men or between two women. Although same-sex marriage has been regulated through law, religion, and custom in most countries of the world, the legal and social responses have ranged from celebration on the one hand to criminalization on the other. Ate doesn’t have complete freedom to decide who may and may not marry. The state’s involvement raises fundamental issues about equality of political and civic standing. Same-sex marriage is currently one of the most divisive political issues in our nation. In November 2008, Californians passed Proposition 8, a referendum that removed the right to marry from same-sex couples who had been granted that right by the courts. This result has been seen by the same-sex community as deeply degrading. More recently, Iowa and Vermont have legalized same-sex marriage, the former through judicial interpretation of the state constitution, the latter through legislation. All around the world, gay people are struggling to be approved legally and by society; however, their fight is definitely working, because this union is becoming more and more accepted globally. That doesn’t mean they should stop now, the battle for these rights is just beginning. Homosexual activities and relationships exist since human origins. Primitive men often engaged in sexual relationships to show and prove their masculinity; the Egyptians and Greeks also practiced this doings openly, as a way of expressing love or trying to copy the high classes and Gods. â€Å"Evidence exists that same-sex marriages were tolerated in parts of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Artifacts from Egypt, for example, show that same-sex relationships not only existed, but the discovery of a pharaonic tomb for such a couple shows their union was recognized by the kingdom.† â€Å"Greek mythology recordsâ€Å"same-sex exploits† by gods as high ranking as Zeus. And the epics of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey, contain poetic passages that suggested homoerotic love to the educated hearer.† The point I’m aiming for at this moment, is to demonstrate that physical homosexual relations are a necessity for some, it’s an impulse stronger than their minds; early beginnings prove it. As humans we should not deny them the right to live freely and to be married, because this means you’re denying their right for happiness. Gay men and women should make their own decisions, without half of the world having something to say. â€Å"As of July 17, 2013, 14 out of 194 countries allow same-sex couples to marry: the Netherlands (2000), Belgium (2003), Canada (2005), Spain (2005), South Africa (2006), Norway (2009), Sweden (2009), Argentina (2010), Iceland (2010), Portugal (2010), Denmark (2012), Uruguay (2013), New Zealand (2013), and France (2013). Same-sex marriage is legal in some jurisdictions of Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.† (https://gaymarriage.procon.org/). Having said that, it demonstrates how people is seeing the situation objectively nowadays, differing from the previous ten years. These countries catalogued themselves as first-world nations, implying the law is indispensable for social development. In other words, maybe not now, but at some point the country will need to approve the law if they seek for growth and expansion of their nation. A usual point of discussion is the truth about their odd tendency. Meaning there’s a popular belief, in which some people claim to be homosexual as a scream for attention. To be honest, it could happen, but do you imagine someone taking that amount of criticism, oppression, alienation, and hatred only for attention? Not likely. The real cause for homosexuality lies between the genes and the person’s behavior; however it’s mostly biological. â€Å"Most researchers find that homosexuality, like many others psychological conditions, is due to a combination of social, biological, or psychological factors. According to a study done by Simon LeVay, the brains of a group of gay men differed from those of straight men. Specifically, the nucleus of the hypothalamus, which triggers male-typical sex behavior, revealed a small, but significant difference in the clusters of neutrons of homosexual men as opposed to heterosexual men.’’ Having the previous statement in mind, wouldn’t they deserve reconsideration? Should they be a little more understood, knowing it’s not the life they have chosen? Another reason that brings same-sex marriage a lot of rejection, are the children. The moment a couple consumes marriage, kids are born as a symbol of their love, unity and legacy. It wouldn’t be any different if a homosexual couple unites legally. So, will their children be bullied? Will they be unhappy and miserable? â€Å"The National Organization for Marriage (NOM) continues to claim that children with gay parents suffer severe emotional and mental abuse, even going so far as to argue that they are more likely to become child molesters than children raised by heterosexual parents.† (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/) It’s a tough reality, but it makes a ton of sense. Having gay parents condemns a child for a life of mocking and sadness; projecting a poor and unsecure future for them. The refore, if gay marriage ever gets legalized, it should have some limits. Adopting children for starters. Speaking about limits, if homosexual marriage does get permitted, the gay community should have a series of boundaries. As mention before, adopting should be the primary and most important limit. In Russia, same-sex union isn’t allowed, and the country possesses a high grade of discipline toward the topic. The country has voided the right (three months ago) to adopt or raise children by same-sex couples living outside the nation. â€Å"President Vladimir Putin signed a law banning gay and lesbian couples in foreign countries from adopting Russian children. The measure was one of a series adopted by Russian authorities in recent weeks that have been slammed by civil rights leaders as discriminatory. The Kremlin said in a statement that the measure is aimed at guaranteeing a harmonious and full upbringing for children in adoptive families. It also bans adoption by unmarried individuals who live in countries with laws permitting same-sex marriages.† (https://www.huffington post.com/). Not marrying by the church should be another, because it is common by same-sex couples to demand the right to marry by the church; so that is definitely off limits. Signs of affection in schools, public offices, and churches should be forbidden. The previous paragraph was stated with the purpose to maintain peace, and to try to keep the public happy, if and only if the law passes. The clear intention from every government is to maintain peace, and order at every moment. With the approval of the marriage, some people will strongly disagree and may cause troubles and issues; therefore, these limits should be enforced so the disturbers avoid all type of conflict. If same-sex marriage does get allowed, will gays be finally happy? Even though, they are approved legally, will they be approved and accepted socially? Alienation, discrimination, disgusting looks in the street; those attitudes toward the homos will never go away, it won’t disappear. Let’s talk facts, if only 14 countries out of 194 have legalized the union, it means that only 7.2% percent of the world â€Å"likes† them. So is happiness granted for them? Absolutely not, therefore the government should think twice before even bringing the topic. From all the situations and possible scenarios mentioned before, society must occur. Positive impact: The legalization will definitely improve the way of living in many levels. No more riots disrupting roads, work, and the people’s health; more income: â€Å"Revenue from gay marriage comes from marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called marriage penalty), and decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the city’s economy and $184 million to the state’s economy over three years.† (https://gaymarriage.procon.org/). Legalizing same-sex marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or family values, and civilization will remain the same and continue to function accurately. â€Å"Anthropological research supports the conclusion that a vast array of family types, including families built upon same-sex partnerships, can contribute to stable and humane s ocieties. (Social Science Quarterly). The human race has the tendency to ignore or even like some things when they are used too; consequently, when citizens get used to the idea (the ones who disagreed), they could even accept them, seeing there’s no harm done. Negative impact: Every good thing has flaws, so don’t get too excited if you are supporting this modern-times union. Undesirable things will occur, no doubt about it. The importance of the institution of marriage will decrease if gay couples are allowed to wed. â€Å"Traditional marriage is already threatened with high divorce rates (between 40% and 50%) and with 40.6% of babies being born to unmarried mothers in 2008. (https://gaymarriage.procon.org/). Adding to that, this odd union could present a danger for the involved parties in the making of the law, and the openly homosexual couples. Not all religions, could commit such a radical act, but don’t forget about the Muslims and their volatile behavior. â€Å"Gay marriage is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups.† (https://gaymarriage.procon.org/). Because of their inability to create offspring, marriage’s purpose will change forever. â€Å"Allowing gay marriage would only further shift the purpose of marriage from producing and raising children to adult gratification.† ((https://gaymarriage.procon.org/).This â€Å"new right† will damage the image of marriage; it will no longer be seen as sacred, and magical. The approval, will open up doors for another craze or obsession people will have. Drugs, public drinking, whorehouses, prostitution, will have the potential to be allowed. The nation will lose any kind of religion, and morals will be lower than ever. It’s up to you to decide whether you go with the positive or the negative impact. Which decision will influence our society the most? Are you willing to handle the consequences? Both decisions will cause effects; the trick is to choose the one that will be worth suffering for. Stop thinking about every issue, every situation, and every trouble you are going through right now, and think objectively: Will the decision improve somebody’s lifestyle? Or will it harm it? Will it truly help your nation? Will it create a better place to live? Or will it be a hostile environment? In conclusion, homosexual marriage should be legalized. It brings to the nation, more benefits that setbacks, and of course more capital. It might bring more happiness to certain individuals, than chaos for those who disagree. Maybe your nation isn’t ready, perhaps mine either; maybe isn’t the right time to say yes to the law. The point is, to be ready when the time comes, and it will be soon be sure of that. Perhaps one day our grandchildren will see this law, the same way we see today the discrimination of black people. Remember open your mind, be objective, and do what feels right. Works Cited â€Å"Statement on Same-Gender Marriage, September 20, 1996.† American Reference Library Primary Source Documents, Jan. 2001, p. 1. EBSCOhost, proxygsu-sbib.galileo.usg.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct

Theft in the Kite Runner - 1543 Words

During one’s life, they will be faced with situations that can influence the people surrounding them. The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini a novel based on the life of Amir, the son of a well-off Pashtun. Amir spends the majority of his life trying to please, and receive affection from his father, Baba. Amir and Baba had two Hazara servants; Hassan, and Ali, Hassan’s father. Hassan and Amir have been friends since birth despite their different social classes. Hassan has always gained the affection of Baba with less effort than Amir has, and for that reason, Amir begins to resent Hassan. After a series of unfortunate events, Ali and Hassan made the decision to leave the company of Baba and Amir to start a new life in Hazarajat. Later†¦show more content†¦Baba asked Hassan, â€Å" Did you steal that money? Did you steal Amir’s watch, Hassan?† Hassan replied, â€Å"Yes.†(Hosseini 111) Even though Hassan did not steal those items from Am ir, he still took the blame to protect Amir from the consequences. Hassan had told Ali about what happened to him, and on top of this incident, Ali decided that they would leave Kabul. Assef is the antagonist in The Kite Runner. Assef was a Pashtun whose father was friends with Baba. He was very against Hazaras and Pashtuns becoming friends so he picked on and bullied Hassan and Amir for that reason. Assef had a mindset similar to Hitler’s in the sense that he wanted to eliminate a race of people: the Hazaras. Assef views the Hazara people as worthless so when he takes advantage of Hassan, he feels no guilt because he does not think of him as human. One of Assef’s friends protests that raping someone is ‘sinful’ he replies saying, â€Å"there’s nothing sinful about teaching a lesson to a disrespectful†¦ It’s just a Hazara.†(Hosseini80). Regardless of what Assef thought, Hassan was a person, and he lost his innocence when Assef raped him. This was illustrated when Amir describes Hassan’s face when he was being advantage of as, â€Å"the look of the lamb.†(Hosseini81). Throughout the novel, he remai ns a character with no conscience or remorse. Assef was the type of character who needs to feel in power over and victimizes the weak links. Later on in the novel when Amir goesShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1069 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role did assef play in The Kite Runner? antagonist Who is rahim khan in The Kite Runner? Rahim Khan is Babas business partner and best friend. What is the mood of The Kite Runner? The mood of one flying a kite i would say is optimistic. Flying a kite doesnt always go as planned. What disease did Ali have in The Kite Runner? Parkinsons. What did Baba decide to construct and pay for in The Kite Runner? An orphanage How was amir responsible for the flight of ali and hassan? Read MoreKite Runner Reflection1367 Words   |  6 PagesAmir concludes the first chapter of The Kite Runner with a reflection, â€Å"I thought about the life I had lived until the winter of 1975 came along and changed everything. And made me what I am today† (Hosseini 2). Every action Amir takes, planned or unplanned, has an outcome that he will have to live with. For instance, the unplanned decision Amir made to hide behind a wall while his friend, Hassan, was brutally attacked and raped in 1975 has haunted him every day of his life. When Amir was youngerRead MoreTheme Of Silence In The Kite Runner999 Words   |  4 PagesHosseini’s characters in his novel The Kite Runner. These lies often result in a twisted irony and these instances of irony play pivotal roles in the novel. Whether it be Amir’s silence in Hassans rape resulting in Baba’s affection or the very foundation of Amir and Sorayaâ €™s marriage it is all tainted by a perverse irony. Not even the purity that comes with brotherhood remains unscathed by irony in the novel. All of the things that are meant to be pure in The Kite Runner are dirtied by an abundance of ironyRead MoreAlienation Amidst Dissimilarity: The Kite Runner1212 Words   |  5 Pageswithdraws or becomes isolated from other people in his or her environment. People who are alienated will often reject loved ones or society, and feel distant and estranged from their own emotions† (Alienation 1). Multiple times in the novel The Kite Runner, the protagonist, Amir, lives through an alienation that causes him to search for alternative routes in order to feel accepted. Amir struggles to stand up for himself which concerns his father, Baba, about his future well-being as an adult. TheRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner is a very powerful book that deals with many complex political and personal proble ms. This book has changed and challenged many of my views on life. I also found this book very inspiring and I have gained a greater appreciation for the life I have in Canada. Firstly, the text communicated with me through emotions. For example, I felt sadness for Hassan because of the way society treats him as an unequal. In addition, I have learned many things from this novel such as the importanceRead MoreThe Influence of Religion in the Kite Runner: Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesAll through the novel Kite Runner there are various references to Muslim tradition and beliefs, there is an instrumental role of Islam on the story and its characters. Religion seems to be many things to many people in this book. Baba is celebrated in part for his exceptionally secular ways in a traditional society. Amir exercises it in an entirely private way, as if his faith were more repentance than conversion. Hassan is a victim of discrimination and bigotry and in Assefs Taliban rendition,Read Mor eForever Typing: Use of Fatherhood in â€Å"The Kite Runner†1162 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Kite Runner† by Kahleed Hosseini has been deemed a ‘big hit’ by Craig Wilson, journalist for USA Today, selling more than 1.4 million copies, and requiring 17 printings at the time the article was printed, April, 2005. Some have called it a â€Å"certifiable phenomena for a first-time author in today’s anemic book market† (Singh), others still have said â€Å"is about the price of peace, both personal and political† (Hill). Hosseini has already made himself a success with The Kite Runner. Hosseini, inRead MoreBelonging Romulus, My Father and the Kite Runner Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbelong is true, however it may take time to belong to a certain person, place, group, community or even the larger world. This issue is explored in Raimond Gaita’s biographical memoir Romulus, My Father and Khaled Hosseini’s confronting novel The Kite Runner. Throughout these texts, the themes of personal relationships, migrant experience and morals and values arise from the concept of belonging and are explored through the use of language devices. In Romulus, My Father, Raimond Gaita explores hisRead MoreEssay about Culture and Clashes in Kite Runner1625 Words   |  7 PagesOn Culture, Clashes, and Kite Running In his novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini depicts his homeland Afghanistan as a host to many different cultures and classes, such as Pashtun and Hazara, Sunni and Shiite, with this dichotomy of beliefs and attributes being powerful enough to shape diverse, sometimes negative relationships amongst the characters of the novel and their behavior to each other, as well as establish that individual’s identity. Each person interprets the impact of the role ofRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesCecilia Womack October 19th 2016 The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini The Kite Runner is based in Afghanistan where Baba and Amir his son live with also Ali and Hasaan who are like brothers to both Baba and Amir. They are living a wonderful life until Amir encounters an image he can never forget, seeing his best friend Hasaan being brutally raped. Amir fails to confront this distraught action with others and he lives with guilt and tries to cope. Still this unforgettable guilt follows him to America

Mystery Man of Stonehenge Free Essays

Archeologists were finishing excavating in Amesbury (planned development of housing) in spring, 2002. It is necessary to admit that Amesbury is situated in the southwest of England. During excavation the small Roman cemetery was uncovered by archeologists and thus that finding was considered fairly common. We will write a custom essay sample on Mystery Man of Stonehenge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, two skeletons were discovered and one of them was important as it was interred in grave made up of timber. The position of a mystery skeleton was rather common for burials in Bronze Age – skeleton’s legs were in a fetal position. Furthermore, skeleton had a hole in a jawbone proving that he had an abscess. The mystery man also sustained an injury as he had heavy limp as well as bone infection. That mystery skeleton was Amesbury Archer. Mystery man appeared to be a wealthy dweller of cool region in Central Europe having relation to vanguard. (Stone 2005) Firstly, it is necessary to claim that a mystery man was rather wealthy archer. According to archeologists he was between 35-45 years old and was buried â€Å"with a black stone wrist guard on his forearm of the kind used to protect archers from the snap of a bowstring†.   (Stone 2005) Sixteen flint arrowheads were scattered across his body and it was assumed that mystery man had certain relation to Stonehenge. The evidence was that massive stone monument was near the burial place. Furthermore, it was apparent that archer was wealthy, because the grave was filled with wrist guards, arrowheads, copper knives, a cache of flint tools as well as metalworking tools. Additionally the grave was arranged with stone shaped like a sofa serving as an anvil. The next evidence of wealth was a pair of gold ornaments, clay pot. Indeed the archer died rich.(Rubinstein 2005) Secondly, archer was born in a cool region in Central Europe. This fact was revealed due to archers’ mouth. Archeologists stated that tooth enamel of a person was the best way to point out his place of birth. Tooth enamel consists of oxygen, calcium and phosphorous and other elements. Actually â€Å"the composition of the oxygen molecules in apatite depends on the water a person drank as a child, and that, in turn, can reveal a great deal about where he grew up—from the temperature of rain or snow to the distance from a coast and the area’s altitude†.   (Stone 2005) The makeup of the oxygen found in archer’s teeth was scanned and thus it was determined by geoscientist Chenery (British Geological Survey) that archer was born in a cool region in Central Europe. Possibly, the archer encountered â€Å"a rural setting of round timber houses with conical thatched roofs†. (Stone 2005) Thirdly it was stated that the archer had certain relations to trade and metalworking. In those times metalworking was the most important skill. And in about 2300 B.C metal implements completely replaced stone weapons and tools which defined the era of Stone Age. The Bronze Age started in the southwest of Europe in about the 4th century B.C. as it was mentioned the grave was filled with different copper knives being used as a weapon and for eating. Cushion stone proved that archer knew how to use and why to use metal instruments. There were some suggestions that the archer belonged to the vanguard of the flashy trade producing metal items used in different shows. (Rubinstein 2005) According to archeologists the metal tool found had to be buried only with his owner. Therefore archer was skillful to move from one community to another having his knowledge in his head. It is possible to suggest that he had unique and exceptional skill for those times, because archer was similar to magician. It was revealed that the arrival of the archer completely coincided with the arrival of the metal implements to the British Isles. Thus the archer is likely to be a pioneer in the new Bronze Age. In conclusion it is necessary to outline that the mystery men was considered to be the archer who lived in the Central Europe and was busy with producing metal tools and instruments for shows. Furthermore, the time of his arrival was the beginning of the Bronze Age.   (Archaeologists Figure out Mystery 2005) References Archaeologists Figure out Mystery of Stonehenge Bluestones. (2005, June 24). Western Mail, 16. Stone, Richard. (2005, August). The Mystery Man of Stonehenge. Retrieved October, 26, 2006, from http://www.kidscastle.si.edu/issues/2005/august/stonehenge.htm Rubinstein, William. (2005, November). Mystery Identities. History Today, 55, 11, 28-34.       How to cite Mystery Man of Stonehenge, Essay examples

MPA for Case Between Rahul and Saurav- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theMPA for Case Between Rahul and Saurav. Answer: The case between Saurav and Rahul is about two friends whereby Mr. Saurav intends to buy a plane from Mr. Rahul. Rahul agreed to sell the plane to Saurav so that he may purchase a newer one. Saurav promised to pay for the plane after ten days. Because of the surety from Saurav, Rahul acquired a high interest loan and purchased the new plane. However, before the end of the ten days, Saurav pulled out of the agreement citing he has been advised by his tax accountant not to buy the plane as he is over committed on other commercial deals. Therefore, this paper examines the legal rights of Saurav in this case. Referring to the case scenario between Saurav and Rahul, it is evident that there was an oral contract. It is because Rahul provided an offer that Saurav accepted, meaning that he had an intention to buy the plane and agreed to it when he made a promise to perform his obligation within ten days. When a party failed to perform his obligation as per the contract, then he breaches the contract (Ganglmair, 2017). Breach of contract is a term that is used to describe a non-performance party in a contract. In this case, when Saurav agreed to the terms of the contract, but withdrew from it before performing his obligation, it can be said that he breached the contract between him and Rahul. Moreover, a valid contract must contain the element of consideration exchange in the agreement. Consideration may be money or something valuable (Walkley, 2016). It can also include interest, a right, or benefit. The parties involved must benefit in one way or the other. In this case Saurav was to get the plane while in return Rahul was to get money. Moreover, for Saurav to withdraw from the agreement he needs to know that Rahul has legal rights to performance, right to damages, and fundamental breach among others. Under specific performance, Rahul can sue him by failing to perform his obligation as per the agreement (Atwell, 2015). It means that if the parties agreed to the terms as to performance of a contract, the court can enforce the said obligations as provided under commercial law. Rahul can also claim for damages he incurred due to the agreement he entered into with Saurav. The compensation for such damages is supposed to take him back into the position he was in if he could have not entered into the contract. Other than that, Rahul still has the right under fundamental breach. Due to the situation the breach put him into, he can say that the breach substantially deprive him what he expected under the contract (Ganglmair, 2017). Therefore, for Saurav to be excused from the liabilities, he must prove that the breach was no t foreseeable. The Case between a Guarantor and Australian Bank For many years there has been an increment litigation concerning the enforcement of the commercial guaranties by lenders. Due to the increase in defaulting by borrowers on their loan obligations, banks in many cases have taken action against guarantors for them to recover damages arising from the borrowers default. Here is the case where an Australian bank is facing the same scenario. The case involves a mother who guaranteed her sons loan business loan from the bank using her home. She signed the guarantors agreement based on the trust she has on her son. Being that she was not conversant with English, the bank advised her to seek an independent legal advice before an experienced, certified interpreter before signing any document that guarantees business loan to her son. In less than two years later, Mings business faced problems from a significant legal ruling that made his business to face insolvency. Counter Argument In the case Blest v. Brown (1862) case, Lord Westbury said that surety must always be collected in whatever manner a surety is bound. The court said that beyond a proper interpretation of the engagement, the guarantor receives no benefit or consideration beyond the proper interpretation. Guarantor is bound to proper effect and meaning of the written agreement that she signed (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). But, in case there is any alteration in the written agreement whether it is to the benefits of the guarantor, even if there it is an innocent alteration, the guarantor has the right to say that her obligation is over. It is because the contract no longer fits the conditions of engagement. Other than that, it was stated in a Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v. Patel (1990) that a principal debtor clause changes a person who has guaranteed someone else into a full-fledged debtor (Australia Banking, 2016). However, if the guarantor is to treated as the such, she must get notification from the bank stating the renewal agreements and the new terms. In case the bank fails to notify the guarantor about the new developments, she must get relieved from her initial obligations. Remedies In most cases under the principles of Interpretation the guarantees and guarantors are accorded with a contract of adhesive. This means that the documents are prepared by the bank on a standard form. Therefore, the borrower and the guarantor have no part in the agreement negotiation. They are left with no option but to sign if the loan was to be granted. It happens when the guarantor is a family member like in the Mrs. Mings case where she had limited commercial experience. For the sake of accommodation, she willingly signed the guarantee. Because of her lack of knowledge on what she was doing, her favor to her son led her to financial tragedy. Because the guarantor had no control over the situation, it would be advisable that she applies for contra proferentem rule. It is the reasonable and satisfactory means of tackling the situation since the banks that always draft these accords can easily amend their documents to ensure that they do not have any ambiguity. The contra proferentem rule is vital in situations where the construed clause creates limitation of liability (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh null, 2016). Where there is only one sensible interpretation, the guarantor should understand should be able to understand. In such cases the contra proferentum rule is not applicable. However, in if there are two or more interpretations available that might be sensible; the guarantor should get construed against the party that prepared it. In the case of Mrs. Ming, the court should have looked for an interpreter who could have interpreted the contents of the documents in Mandarin, Cantonese or Shanghai languages for h er to understand before allowing her sign. The law also states that if there is ambiguity as to the meaning of the clauses that binds the guarantor, there must be a clear interpretation and the resolution made must favor the guarantor. Moreover, under accommodation sureties, the guarantor expects little or no remuneration. Because of assisting others to accomplish their plans without expecting anything in return, the protection is offered. An example of the accommodation sureties application was in the Assurance Co. v. Johns-Manville Canada Inc., (1983). The law has been put in place to protect such guarantors by strictly construing their obligations and reducing to them the consequences terms of the contract of surety (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). Moreover, the guarantor who has right of material alteration by virtue of principle debtor clause, may waive these rights by the terms of the contract. Possibilities of the Bank Making a Crime There are various possibilities of the bank making a crime. Firstly, if the bank intends to change the obligations of the principal debtor and make the guarantor the principle debtor, it must notify the respondent. Failure to notify the guarantor about the renewal agreement and the new terms, the bank must release her from the contract (Australia Banking, 2016). In this case, being that the bank wants Mrs. Ming to take the responsibilities of his son without notifying her about the new developments may make the bank lose the case against her. If the bank proceeded to take her home without the renewal agreement then it will be a crime. Additionally, being that there was an ambiguity in the interpretation of the contract; the bank cannot be allowed to take Mrs. Ming home. It is because the law requires that there must be clear interpretation of the clauses that binds the guarantor in the agreement (Bell, 2017). If the bank has not strictly construed the clauses that bind the guarantor, then, holding her responsible will be a breach of commercial law. Further, being that Mrs. Ming intensions was to assist his son acquire the loan without benefiting from the loan; she is also protected under accommodation sureties. Consequently, the bank cannot bank take their property because the law strictly construed her obligations and limited her to precise terms of the contract of surety (Mullen, 2016). Again goes against such laws may land the bank into crime. References Atwell, C. (2015). Cooling off periods in franchise contracts: from consumer protection mechanisms to paternalistic remedies for behavioral biases. Business Politics, 17(4), 697-721. Australia Banking. (2016). Acquisdata Industry SnapShots: Australia Banking, (5104), 1-98. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014). Travel Law Quarterly, 6(4), 338-339. Bell, L. (2017). Boundary Dispute: The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality as Judicial Nondelegation. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2017(2), 427-485. Bishop, D. M., Snowling, M. J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh, T., null, n. (2016). CATALISE: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus Study. Identifying Language Impairments in Children. Ganglmair, B. (2017). Efficient Material Breach of Contract. Journal Of Law, Economics Organization, 33(3), 507-540. Mullen, S. (2016). Damages for Breach of Contract: Quantifying the Lost Consumer Surplus. Oxford Journal Of Legal Studies, 36(1), 83-109. Walkley, P. (2016). What turns buyers off. Money (Australia Edition), (195), 69.

Ethan Fromes Psych. Essays - Ethan Frome, Zeena, Ethan,

Ethan Frome's Psych. Ethan Frome as a Psychological Novel When Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote his novel, The Scarlet Letter, he was praised as being the father of the psychological novel. Since the completion of his landmark story, many other authors have taken their work in similar directions and have tried to reveal human psychology through their writing. Authors have been trying to convey truths about human behavior and explain the human psyche, often unsuccessfully. Edith Wharton's novel, Ethan From, is an excellent example of a novel that succeeds in revealing truths. She fills her characters with nuances that reflect the subconscious and her setting is alive with reflected symbolism. She is able to interpret the characters actions in a way that can relate to all humans. Each word and phrase seems to be chosen so that it reflects a part of the subconscious in the characters. Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome is a psychological examination of the human mind, based on her use of setting to reflect emotion, characterization to reflect human tendenci es towards chaos and other psychological aspects of the human mind. In Ethan Frome, Wharton uses the setting to show the feelings and psychological behavior of the characters. Because the tone of the novel is somber and the characters suffer greatly, Wharton used the gothic technique of matching the scenery to the characters emotions. The principal setting of the novel is Starkfield, which is a small farming based community. The houses are mostly several miles from the ?center? of town. Richard Worth, a literary critic, says of Starkville, even the name suggests utter desolation? (64). The name of the town gives the initial impression of the mindset of the characters: hopelessness. ?The New England winter? the physical landscape can reinforce psychic tensions oppressing the people in the community? (McDowell 85). The narrator, Harmon Gow, describes the setting and says, the winter set down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow, perpetually renewed from the pale skies?(7). During the entirety of the novel, the Starkfield weather is brutally cold and snowy. Because winter and coldness are some of the predominant images in the book, it was first published under the title L'Hiver, which means winter in French. The images described in the book are harsh and vivid, clearly showing the tone of the novel. ?The village lay under two feet of snow, with drifts at the windy corners. In a sky of iron the points of the dipper hung like icicles and Orion flashed his cold fire? (Wharton 26). The snow and cold restate the cruelty of the characters' situations. The setting, using the bleakness of winter, provides a complicated time scheme through which the author could dramatically contrast the bleak existence of her characters in the present with their youthful expectations in the past? (McDowell 74). The winter scenery provides testament to things gone wrong, almost a romantic styled sympathy of nature. The color scheme used to describe the setting mirrored the desolation of the character's feelings. ?The black shade of the varnum spruces becomes gray under the stars? (Wharton 34). The gray of the backdrop symbolized the disturbance between what was right and what was best for Ethan. ?There is no sharp line between the normal and abnormal psyche, nor between the real and supernatural. In the vast remote area, covered by snow, the sharp line between psychic dislocation and spirit world dissolves? (McDowell 85). The absence of a ?sharp line? was shown with the used of an intermediate gray tone, which was seen recurring thorough out the novel. There was no right or wrong in his case, hence the blend of the two colors, black and white, into gray. Wharton even used actual physical objects to represent characters from the novel, such as ?blighted apple trees? which have bent from the weight of snow. Ethan is symbolically the apple tree because of his physical deformities as well as the mental burdens he has faced during his life. Ethan talks in the novel about removing the L shaped projection from off of his house. ?I had to take down the L a while back? (Wharton 22). The action of Ethan removing part of his house parallels his feelings

Explain Why British Civilians Were Affected by World War Essay Example

Explain Why British Civilians Were Affected by World War Essay Example Explain Why British Civilians Were Affected by World War Essay Explain Why British Civilians Were Affected by World War Essay World War II affected British civilians in a number of ways. It affected every single person including children. There were five main reasons why civilians were affected; this was due to economic impact, responsibility to protect civilians, government preparation plans, the improvement and increase in war technology and the changing tactics of Hitler. World War II was different from World War I; it was a total war. Britain had gone to war because Hitler invaded Poland. Britain had made a treaty to Poland saying that she would protect her if she was ever invaded. Hitler had wanted the 3 million Germans living in Poland, to be united with Germany because he believed that Poland was persecuting the Germans who were living there. Also the Allies had realised that Hitler wouldn’t stop until he got all of Europe and they were afraid of his rising power. It was estimated that 67,800 civilians were either killed or missing, injured or in hospital. One of the reasons that affected civilians was the changing tactics of Hitler. This affected civilians because they were the target now. In July 1940, after defeating France, Belgium and the Netherlands, Hitler planned for an invasion of Britain, called Operation Sealion. He sent the Luftwaffe to destroy Britains Royal Air Force this later became known as the Battle of Britain. It was essential for Hitler to control the sky because this was the only way he could make a successful invasion of Britain. Hitler first tried to defeat the military army however, this didn’t seem to work so he decided to attack the civilians instead, he hoped that these damages to the population would weaken the morale and lead to the British publics demand for surrender. Hitler had before attacked in the daylight however the RAF, who controlled the skies during the daylight, put a good fight and this forced Hitler to change his tactics and start bombing at night. London, amongst Portsmouth, Coventry, Bristol, Manchester and Southampton, were being constantly bombed. London was being bombed every night for 57 days in a row. Hitler decided to attack London on the 7th September 1940; this was known as the Blitz. Now that the war was a total war this would change every aspect of life because Britain would have to fight alone and would have no help from other countries because by now most of the allies were already taken over by Hitler. However Hitler’s change in plans would not have worked if there weren’t any improvement and increase in war technology. Blitzkrieg used new technology such as tanks and more advanced airplanes to get a reakthrough in the fighting, which differed greatly from the stalemate trench fighting in World War I. The changing tactics affected civilians because they were the main target. On May 1941 Hitler decided to end attacking Britain as he was more interested in Russia. He decided to launch operation Barbarossa which was the invasion of Russia on 22nd June 1941. This was based on Blitzkrieg the same way he def eated France, Belgium and Netherlands. Blitzkrieg meant â€Å"lightning war†. This was based on speed and surprise. For Blitzkrieg to be successful light tanks supported by planes and infantry was important. Civilians were affected by war due to the improvement and increase in war technology because more technology had now been developed in such a way that aircrafts could fly over countries for longer times and carry more and more munitions, making it possible to carry out bigger destruction than before. Hitler wouldn’t be able to change his tactics and wouldn’t be able to carry out the Operation Sealion if there wasn’t any improvement in war technology because planes before were unable to fly for long distances, the time they could fly overhead now was 30 minutes which wasn’t that long either. Aircrafts were now being built which could carry up to nine men. Improvement and increase in war technology now made it possible to cause bigger destruction to countries and made bombing much easier than before. Improvements were being made in weaponry, aircraft and tanks. Radar stations were also set up by in Britain. The radar was invented by Robert Watson watt; this allowed Britain to track any German warplanes and time to attack them before they caused too much damage. This was an improvement in war technology because this was never used before. The type of war had changed this would affect civilians because if the type of war changes so will the tactics. Due to all the aircrafts being made and the type of weapons it was going to be a quicker war which involved no trench warfare or stalemate. There were two main types of aircrafts used in the war they were bomber planes and fighter planes. In total there were 18,449 bomber planes and 53,249 fighter planes. Now that aircraft was being used this meant that civilians were more at risk and this lead to the British government taking control of peoples lives in order to protect them. Hitler had a secret weapon which he was going to use on Britain called the V1 and V2 bombers. They cannot be classified as a plane or as a rocket. They didn’t leave the atmosphere neither was it steered by a pilot. The V1 was launched on Britain on June 1944. The V2 was different to the V1; you could not see the V2 after it had been fired unlike the V1. The impact of the V1 was limited because you could see them from a distant and were shot down by anti-aircraft fire, also fighter planes were sent to touch the tip of the wings on the bomber so that they would fly off course. The V2 was designed to bring devastation to Londoners; these bombs were Hitler’s revenge. There were reports coming in about this secret weapon but no one knew exactly what it was so Churchill could not plan anything. The RAF was sent to destroy the sites where these weapons were made. In total 73 were destroyed however 23 still remained. This would affect civilians because they didn’t know what to expect because it could be very devastating or just cause a bit of damage. Also another reason for why civilians were affected by World War II was because of economic impact. The economic impact affected civilians because the government now had to control the amount of food coming in because of the sinking merchant ships which were being attacked by the German U-boats. The government introduced rationing of items such as food, clothing, petrol and cosmetics. In January 1940, food items including bacon, butter were rationed. Later, cheese, fresh eggs, breakfast cereals, milk, sweets, jam, meat, sugar and tea were rationed. Half of Britain’s food was rationed by the end of the war. The government tried to reduce the number of British merchant ships by using the convoy system. However not everyone got what they wanted and this resulted in the black market. It was important to introduce rationing because people who lived in the cities had less chance of growing their own crops compared to people in the countryside. Propaganda was used to encourage people to safe certain costs on certain things, this resulted in campaigns which were set up by the government. An example of a campaign was ‘Dig for Victory’. This was a campaign which urged people to use their gardens and any spare land to grow food. Many people thought that this was a fair system because it meant that many items were controlled at affordable prices. At that time many people kept chickens, rabbits and goats in their back garden. Later on more and more campaigns were introduced for various things e. g. ‘Make Do and Mend’ and ‘Mrs Sew-and-Sew’ which were campaigns to innovate women to create new clothing’s using old material and to repair any old clothes that had holes etc. As well as growing their own vegetable they were told to save on water by only using 12 cm of water while bathing. Propaganda for food was introduced because this the government had thought would free up ships transporting supplies to Britain could be used as military ships and in war. . A man was allowed to buy a new suit every two years, and to buy a shirt every twenty months. Trousers came without cuffs, pleats or zippers. The need to protect British civilians affected civilians because this now meant that there would be restrictions to ensure that the civilians are safe and information was controlled so that any spies wouldn’t be able to know about any plans. Now that new war technology was being used this would make the government take certain precautions so that civilian injuries and deaths were kept to a minimum. To protect civilians the government had blackouts and evacuations. Blackouts were when people were ordered to cover windows with heavy materials and stop any light from going out; people would do this by putting up blackout material which was supplied by the government and cover their windows etc. This would make the job for the German bombers harder to spot where people were and navigate around. At first all usage of lights were banned. Other blackout rules included streets lights being masked to give a pinpoint of light at the base of each lamp post, traffic lights were masked so that only a small amount of colour could be seen, torches had to be pointed downwards and glass covered with two layers of tissue, smoking was banned at first and if you were caught you would be fined, top of pillar boxes were painted green or yellow so that is any mustard gas was present it would stain the paint and show many more precautions were taken. However these restrictions had to be eased up because the number of road accidents went up. The government introduced new rules such as white lines were painted into the middle of the road so that drivers could see where they were going in the dark, Curb edges and car bumpers were also painted white, headlights were permitted as long as the driver had headlamp covers with three horizontal slits. Evacuations affected civilians because families who had children were being torn apart. Evacuation first started in the summer of 1938 by the Anderson Committee. The British Government were afraid that British cities and towns would be targets for bombing raids by aircraft and therefore evacuation was introduced. People who were going to be evacuated were children, some mothers of small children and pregnant women, the elderly, some teachers and invalids. The children were only allowed to take a few things with them including a gas mask, books, money, clothes, ration book and some small toys. Britain was divided in to three zones, â€Å"evacuation†, â€Å"neutral† or â€Å"reception†. Evacuation areas were where heavy bombing was expected. Neutral areas were areas that would not need to send or receive evacuees. Reception areas were rural areas where evacuees would be sent. By 1940 nearly half a millions children who had been evacuated had returned this was because there hadn’t been any air-raids, some were homesick. Evacuations often tore families apart because the children were evacuated and sometimes mothers too so this meant that there was an emotional impact on the British civilians. Propaganda and censorship was also used to protect civilians. This affected civilians because everything was being controlled by the government. The government used the media, newspapers and any other form of advertisement they could to ensure people were safe. Posters were put up to encourage people to join the war for example ‘Your country needs you’. Posters were also put up to encourage women to send their children for evacuation and also for gas masks reminding people to carry them etc. The government would censor any newspaper articles which were likely to weaken the civilians morale for example, the media invented the ‘Spirit of the Blitz’ to boost the morale. Censorship was also used to stop enemies from gathering any valuable information. All images and newspaper articles were being censored by the Ministry of Information. Their job was to make sure anything which could possibly weaken the morale wasn’t shown. The civilians had a limited amount of freedom to express themselves because the government closely kept an eye on them through censorship and propaganda. War preparation affected civilians because now that this war was a total war civilians would be affected and this was inevitable and also the government have a duty to protect civilians. The government had made plans before the war had even started for example conscription, air raid precautions and shelter plans. Air raid precautions were introduced because the Air Ministry had forecast that Britain would be under air attacks and this would cause high civilian casualties and destruction from enemy night bombings. They were being planned in 1938. Over 100,000 air raid wardens and 60,000 auxiliary firemen were recruited. Conscription was introduced in 27th April 1939. Conscription first started for men and then later on women. Conscription affected civilians because families were torn apart as men had to go and join the army. The National Service Act made it part of the legislation that, single men aged 18 to 41 were to be conscripted before married men. Shelters were used when bombings were going to happen during the night. People would be alerted by the wailing of air raid sirens just as German bombers were approaching. The first shelter to be made was the Anderson shelter made by the Anderson Committee later on another shelter was made called the Morrison shelter. People who had gardens used the Anderson shelter. The Morrison shelter could be used indoors and people often used them as a table and when it was time to use them they would just go inside. The government had made communal shelters which could protect up to 50 people as well as underground stations were used later on. Gas masks were used to protect civilians because the British government thought that poisonous gas may be used on the civilians during the war. The government had issued 38 million gas masks by 1940. Adults had black rubbery gas masks whereas children had ‘Micky mouse’ masks with red rubber pieces and bright eye piece rims. Gas masks were also used by babies, which mothers would have to pump air using a bellow. It was often hard to breathe when wearing the gas masks. Air raid wardens would also wear gas masks with a long hose and a speaking box attached to his belt. In the tin canister at the end there would be charcoal which soaked up any poisonous gases. War preparation affected civilians because everyone would be involved in it somehow even if it was just being evacuated. It would appear that the most important reason why British Civilians were affected by World War II would be because the government needed to protect civilians. In order for the government to protect civilians they had to control every aspect of their life, this included what they did to what they could eat. This often restricted people’s free will for example some preferred to go and shelter in the railway stations underground but the government didn’t allow this however, in the end the government had to back down. The government wanted to evacuate children and pregnant women because they wanted to protect the future generation. Without the future generation there would be no one to fight the future wars and work.

Sustainable Management Futures (indivdual assignement ) Assignment

Sustainable Management Futures (indivdual assignement ) - Assignment Example EADS and BAE made all of their assets to move to the newly established company. At present, EADS holds 80 percent shares of Airbus, whereas BAE holds 20 percent shares of the company. a supervisory council has been established to look into the operation of airbus. This committee is actually a shareholder committee and consists of seven members only. In this committee five members come from EADS, while the remaining two come from BAE. The committee is responsible for approving budget of Airbus (Airbus, 2010). This shareholder committee also helps in making and implementing investment strategies of the firm. Later on Airbus significant effort has been made to reorganize the company to build several centers of excellence with an aim to earn profit. Each of these centers is authorized with the power of making their own manufacturing and buying policies relating to the production of different parts of aircrafts. They are allowed to make subcontract in order to reduce costs. This kind of o perational set up has been chosen by this aircraft company as for this industry, this policy seems to be the most effective way of building and maintaining profitability. Presently, airbus has four subsidiaries which are authorized to take their own operational decisions. These subsidiaries are airbus of North America, Airbus of China, Airbus Japan and Airbus Transport International. It is a very profitable company and presently it offers its supports more than 3000 aircrafts with 250 operators. Airbus has a mission of providing those aircrafts that are best suited to the current needs of the market along with supporting all these manufactured aircrafts with services of the highest quality. It holds the vision of listening to their customers’ needs and responding accordingly. This paper will make an attempt of examining sustainable management of airbus which operates on a multinational ground. First of all a rigorous analysis of the political, economic, social and technologic al aspects associated with the company will be conducted. Then focus will be placed on environmental aspects that the company should take under consideration. The paper will also discuss the major drivers that have forced the company to take into consideration various environmental aspects while forming its operational policies. This paper will also discuss sustainable management strategies of Airbus along with considering the benchmark requirements. Finally it will analyze the impacts of these policies. PEST analysis and analysis of Environmental Factors associated with Airbus operation: The essential items to deal with the global strategy (based on the PESTEL analysis): Political analysis: Airbus has always been the source of economic activities such as jobs, technology development, ancillary companies and spin offs. Therefore EU has provided Airbus its assistance throughout. Since Airbus is a European consortium of French, German, Spanish and UK companies, therefore EU has served it full-fledged since it a support through tax breaks, financing, loan guarantees and research and development support. In 2001, in one of the reports from European Association Of Aerospace Industries, it is seen that there have been at least 4,35,000 jobs in the aerospace sector of Europe, with 1.2 million jobs being supported directly or indirectly by the industry. There has been a friction in the relationship between US and

Website Project Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Website Project Report - Coursework Example On the other hand, this technology, similar to any other software or tool, is simply a technology that depends upon companies how they get advantages by implementing this technology. The e-business facilitates companies to catch the attention of new customers, offer enhanced services to presented ones, correspond to the customers using more useful and specialized ways, gather information about customer’s choices as well as retrieve it swiftly, and perform transactions more efficiently. Additionally, many firms have attempted to make use of the e-business as a remarkable way much more than it actually is. In this scenario, companies as well as individuals create their whole business online, considering that by some means this would differentiate them from other businesses or firms. On the other hand, most of these types of companies fail. This project report is about the presentation, planning, and coordination of a new business idea. This report will present a detailed and com prehensive analysis of a new business idea launched by the AMAL. This new business will be an online Jewellery shop that will offer its customers a high-tech approach to shop and search desired Jewellery products online. Lots of businesses having an online presence are devoted to redevelop and enhance their sales to increase their profit margins. Additionally, the effective media coverage helps companies build up a reputation in the society as well as get more customers. In addition, the firms that cater the requirements of journalists are more probable to obtain regular coverage as well as diminish the potential for errors in published stories. Moreover, online press rooms provide hubs to the journalists, which present the background information, latest news and visual elements to help them recognize products and services. Thus, to enhance an online business, companies are trying to develop and use the online

Sexual Orientation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual Orientation - Essay Example The legal rights of homosexual couples is often the first subject touched upon in the argument for the legalization of gay marriage. The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution declares that states are prohibited from altering the privileges and rights of American citizens, including marriage (Walzer 56). When individual states attempt to make gay marriage illegal, they go against this amendment; these states deny rights based on sexual orientation, which is prohibited by the Constitution. As such, many states have offered homosexual couples the opportunity to join in civil unions, legal bindings that are similar to marriage, though they often do not come with the same perks, such as adoption or aspects pertaining to financial security. According to people that are against gay marriage, the institution of marriage can only be between a man and a woman. Most people back this up with religions and biblical scriptures, claiming that it simply is not right for a same-sex c ouple to be romantically involved with each other (Fejes 217). Due to this, it is considered to be a sin for a homosexual couple to exist, let alone for the couple to become married.

Systematisation of Catalogue Integration

Systematisation of Catalogue Integration ABSTRACT: Catalogue integration is a very essential and difficult job which needs to be carried out by various commercial portals and commerce search engines to built and consolidate the products gathered from various data providers. In this paper we discuss about an automated mechanism for integrating products from various providers and thus the process is considered from both the views of portal catalogue and the vendor providing catalogue. This commercial portal has its own taxonomy for all the products which is named as the master taxonomy and the data provider organizes its products in a different taxonomy called as the taxonomy provider. This methodology is based on the taxonomy-aware processing step that adjusts the results of a text based classification so that the products that are similar to the provider’s catalogue will appear closer in the master catalogue. To the best of our knowledge , this is the first unique approach that uses structure of taxonomies in order to upgrade the catalogue integration. The  proposed algorithm is scalable and can be applied to large data-sets in web. The algorithm is implemented on real- world data and has greater accuracy as it takes into account that the relationships between the product categories. INTRODUCTION: The internet is no longer an academic and research oriented network but it is an open book with endless commercial opportunities. Online shopping has increased in recent times. These shopping websites have separate portals which can manage the sellers of the site where products arrive from multiple sellers. This includes e-commerce search engines such as Flipkart,Amazon , Sanpdeal and many common commercial search engines such as google product search and Bing shopping. Each seller will have a separate catalogue for the product available. Internet marketplace are now faced with new challenges that arises from the need to shamelessly integrate enormous number of product catalogue from different sources. Product categorization is the main task that needs to be carried out in here. Hence, we need some mechanism which combines both the approaches, provides accurate classification of products and also scalable to large volume of dataset that is typical on the web. EXISTING SYSTEM: In the existing system there is a difficulty for the customer or the provider to update the details of a product. The ecommerce website has a master catalogue according to which the provider has to upload his/her catalogue of a product. If this catalogue does not match with the master catalogue, then the product will not be accepted by the e-commerce website. This will create a problem for the providers who are un aware of the master catalogue. Not all the providers are aware of these technological details and restrictions. The existing system has imposed more restrictions for the upload of products, which can create a backlog in the business of that shopping website. PROBLEM DEFINITION: Given a source catalogue Ks=(Ps, S,s) that corresponds to some provider’s catalogue defined over the source taxonomy S=(Cs, Es), and a target (or master) catalogue taxonomy Kt = (Pt,T, t) that corresponds to the catalogue of the commercial portal defined over the target (master) taxonomy T = (Ct, Et). The goal is to learn a cross-catalogue labelling function function l: Ps -> Ct that maps products of the source catalogue to the categories of the target catalogue taxonomy. PROJECT SCOPE: Here it makes use of provider taxonomy information to categorize products coming from data providers to the master taxonomy. This approach is based on taxonomy-aware processing step that adjusts the results of a text-based classifier so that the products that are in near-by categories in the provider taxonomy will be assigned near-by categories in the master taxonomy. TACI is scalable to large volume of datasets and it has linear running time with respect to number of input products. It exploits the full structure of the taxonomy, defining relationships between items that belong to different categories, based on the relationship of the categories in the taxonomy tree. TACI provides accurate results when compared other existing approaches SYSTEM DESIGN: This chapter describes the features and modular design of the proposed algorithm. Unlike existing approaches the proposed algorithm explores the entire taxonomy of the provider and master catalogs to find out a classification of products from providers catalog in master taxonomy. The formulation of the taxonomy-aware catalog integration problem is based on structured prediction problem. The optimized classification of products is achieved by designing the algorithm using metric labelling approach. Thus the proposed algorithm involves calculating two measures: Cost indicating assignment of products to categories Cost indicating strength of relationships among product categories Since the existing approaches considered categories as flat collection of classes, pair-wise relationships are considered and hence suffered scalability issues. The proposed algorithm exploits the taxonomy structure to find out the relationship among the categories and uses them to prune the search space thus making the algorithm scalable. Thus the algorithm has linear running time with respect to the input data and is applicable to larger datasets. FUNCTIONAL STEPS: The Taxonomy Aware Catalog Integration is a 2 step process. Base Classification Step: This step does not consider taxonomy structure and utilizes general text classifier. Finds Assignment Cost. Taxonomy-Aware Processing Step: This step involves exploiting the taxonomy structure of both source and target catalogs. Finds Separation Cost. MODULAR DESIGN: PSEUDO CODE: Input: Source catalog Ks, Target taxonomy T, base classifier b, and parameters à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k, and ÃŽ ³ Output: A labeling vector à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fs for all x ц Ps do Ï„*Ï„ ц Ct PÏ„b[Ï„|x] if PÏ„b[Ï„*|x] >= à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± then à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å"x Fà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± U {x} else Oà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± U {x} Compute TOPk{x} Compute candidate pairs H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k Initialize hash table ÃŽ ¨ to empty for all (ÏÆ', Ï„) â‚ ¬ H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±,k do ÃŽ ¨[(ÏÆ', Ï„)]=h (ÏÆ', Ï„) for all x ц O à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± do à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å"x Ï„ ц TOP k ( x ) { (1- ÃŽ ³) A COST(x,Ï„)+ ÃŽ ³ ÃŽ ¨[ (sx, Ï„)] } BASE CLASSIFICATION STEPS This step does not consider the structure of both provider and master taxonomies. It uses Naive Bayes text classification result and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± value to distinguish between fixed and open products. The fixed products are the set of products in the provider catalog with probability of categories greater than the threshold value and thus, Naive Bayes result is taken as the correct category. TAXONOMY AWARE PROCESSING STEP This step involves exploiting the taxonomy structure to find out the relationships among the categories.This needs to find the similarity measure between two categories in both source and target taxonomies. Pair of products (x,y) assigned to category pair having greater similarity measure in provider taxonomy should be assigned to category pair having greater similarity measure in master taxonomy which is ensured by the penalty function (ÃŽ ´). Absolute difference gives the difference between similarity values obtained for a category pair in both source and target taxonomies. Thus this helps in finding out the cost of separating a pair of products which is given by the separation cost. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS: With the proliferation of data sharing applications that involve multiple data providers the development of automated techniques for catalog integration will be crucial to their success. In this paper, we presented an efficient and scalable automated approach to catalog integration that is based on the use of source category and taxonomy structure information. TACI is a pioneer to catalog integration which exploits the structure of taxonomies to enhance catalog integration with greater accuracy. Here, we have explained with product integration in shopping portals. However, this technique can also be applied to many other important domains which deploy the concept of multiple data sources which contains several categories to be integrated to a single place in a unique way. This includes important verticals such as Local, Travel, Entertainment, etc. This technique was carried out as a supervised learning technique. For future work, we would like to explore semisupervised learning techniques to incrementally retrain the base classifier with elements chosen during the taxonomy-aware calibration step.

A Psychological Analysis of Alice Walkers Everyday Use Essay -- Every

A Psychological Analysis of Alice Walker's Everyday Use  Ã‚     Ã‚   The human mind is divided into three parts that make up the mind as a whole. These parts are necessary to have a complete mind, just as the members of a family are needed to make up the entire family. The use of components to equal a whole is often exercised in literature. Alice Walker's short story, "Everyday Use," contains the idea of family and of the mind, therefore her work can be evaluated through psychological methods. Through their actions, the characters symbolize the three different parts of the mind: the id, the ego, and the superego. The first type of mind division, the id, "constantly strives to satisfy basic drives...[and] seeks immediate gratification" (Myers 379). In "Everyday Use," Dee's personality is equivalent to the id because she seeks her own personal gain and does not necessarily consider the consequences of her actions. Mama, the narrator in "Everyday Use," says that "Dee wanted nice things. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts" (Walker 92). Dee strives for satisfaction in all she does; she will do everything in her power to get what she desires. The story recounts a situation in which Dee wants some quilts that were stiched by her grandmother, but Mama has already promised these treasures to Dee's sister, Maggie. Mama said that as she "[moved] up to touch the quilts. Dee moved back just enough so that [Mama] couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to [Dee]" (Walker 96). Mama explains that Dee is determined to gain possession of the quilts. Although the quilts belong to her mother, Dee has already mentally determined that the quilts belong to her. Dee's personality is comparable to the id branch of the... ...The use of psychological strategies in the Walker's work shows that the characters are joined and create one unit, a family. Works Cited Alice Malsenior Walker: An Annotated Bibliography, 1968-1986. Eds. Louis H. Pratt and Donnell D. Pratt. Connecticut: Meckler Corporation, 1988. Everyday Use: Alice Walker. Ed. Barbara T. Christian. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1994. Myers, David G. Exploring Psychology. Third edition. New York: Worth Publishing, 1996. Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Sixth edition. Eds. X.J. Dennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~shale/humanities/composition/handouts/sample/walker.html http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/alicew/ http://www.seattletimes.com/extra/browse/html97/altalic_051697.html